GIFT  OF 


Lorenzo   G.  Yates. 


With,  extracts  from  manuscript  notes  of  the 
late    Dr.    Thwaites,    and.    the    pub- 
lished  works    of    Hooker, 
Baker   and   Wall. 


PRICE,  POSTAGE   PREPAJD,     -     -     75  CENTS. 


Santa  Barbara,  Cal.: 

PRINTED   BY   GEO   O.    YATES. 

1887. 


THE 


FERNS°i  CEYLON 


"\ 

Lorenzo   G.  Yates. 


With,  extracts  from  manuscript  notes  of  the 
late    Dr.    Thwaites,    and    the    pub- 
lished  works    of    Hooker, 
Baker   and   Wall. 


Santa  Barbara,  Gal.: 

PRINTED   BY  GEO   0.   YATES. 

1887. 


572/37 


PREFACE. 


THIS  .little  manual  is  not  intended  to  take  the  place  of  the 
larger  and  more  important  works  on  this  subject,  but  simply 
as  a  work  of  ready  reference  for  Pteridologists  and  botanists 
generally,  especially  where  the  magnificent  works  of  Beddome, 
Hooker,  and  others,  are  inaccessible;  and  for  students  who  may 
be  desirous  of  knowing  what  species  of  ferns  are  indigenous  on 
the  Island,  and  also  something  of  the  conditions  of  growth  in 
their  native  habitat,  for  the  purpose  of  cultivating  the  species 
most  advantageously.  The  genera  and  species  are  arranged 
alphabetically,  as  being  more  convenient  for  reference,  and  also 
to  obviate  the  necessity  of  indexing.  It  affords  me  much  pleasure 
to  express  my  obligations  to  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  for  valuable 
specimens,  and  to  Mr.  J.  G.  Baker,  of  the  Kew  Herbarium,  for 
valuable  assistance  in  the  way  of  books  and  information. 

LORENZO  G.  YATES. 
SANTA  BARBARA,  Cal.,  February,  1887. 


364620 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE  island  of  Ceylon  is  situated  between  5  deg.  51  min.  and 
9  deg.  51  min.  north  latitude,  and  between  79  deg.  41  min.  40 
sec.  and  81  deg.  54  min.  50  sec.  east  longitude,  and  has  an 
a.'ea  of  about  25.000  square  miles. 

The  southern  portion  of  the  Island  consists  of  an  interior 
mountainous  region,  surrounded  by  a  low  coast  line  of  from 
thirty  to  eighty  miles  in  width.  The  mountain  zone  covers 
an  area  of  about  four  thousand  miles.  The  highest  mountain  is 
Piduru  Talagala,  or  Pedrotallagalla— 8,295  feet.  The  rivers  in 
this  region  are  bordered  by  a  dense  growth  of  forest,  and  diver- 
sified with  innumerable  cascades  and  rapids,  flowing  through 
deep  chasms,  whose  rocky  walls  furnish  admirable  conditions  for 
fern  growth,  where  they  grow  on  the  rocks  and  trees,  especially 
in  the  Central  and  Southern  Provinces.  The  northern  portion  of 
the  Island  forms  a  vast  unbroken  plain. 

The  summits  of  the  highest  ridges  are  covered  with  verdure, 
and  the  slopes  were  formerly  covered  with  forests  of  lofty  trees, 
which  have  rapidly  disappeared  under  the  ax  of  the  coffee 
planter. 

Newera  Ellia  Plain  is  at  an  elevation  of  about  6,200  feet ;  the 
Horton  Plains,  7,000  feet,  and  Kandy,  in  the  Central  Province, 
is  1,727  feet. 

The  climate  of  the  Island  is  regulated  by  the  monsoons.  The 
southwest  monsoon  prevails  along  the  southwest  coast  in  the 
early  summer;  the  northeast  monsoon  reaches  the  northeast  coast 
about  October  or  November.  The  former  drives  the  clouds 
against  the  lofty  mountains  of  the  south  and  west,  supplying 
copious  rains,  which  do  not  reach  the  eastern  and  northern  por- 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 


tions  of  the  Island.  The  effects  of  the  northeast  monsooD  are 
more  uniform,  and  the  showers  extend  over  the  entire  surface  of 
the  Island.  Ar.  Ratnapura,  lying  immediately  under  Adam's 
Peak,  the  yearly  amount  of  rain  is  about  14G  inches,  and  the 
cumber  of  rainy  days  228;  while  at  Badulla,  at  an  altitude  of 
2,220  feet,  the  rainfall  is  about  58  inches,  with  57  rainy  days. 
This  wide  difference  of  climatic  conditions  gives  suitable  condi- 
tions for  species  having  widely  differing  requirements  for  their 
growth,  and  presents  a  goodly  list,  of  species  as  indigenious  to 
the  Island. 

The  majority  of  the  species  grow  at  an  elevation  of  between 
2,000  and  5,000  feet. 

The  localities  in  the  following  notes  are  taken,  principally, 
from  "A  Catalogue  of  the  Ferns  Indigenous  to  Ceylon,  by  G.  W.," 
published 'in  London. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON, 


The  page  numbers,  after  the  names  of  the  speci-es,  refer  to 
latest  edition  of  Hooker  &  Baker's  Synopsis  Filicum. 


ACROSTICHUM.  r 

A.  (Egenolfa)  APPENDICULATUM,  Willd.  (p.  415). 
Very  common  among  stones,  in  th:e  beds  of  Streams,  in  the 
forests  of  the  Central  Province,  up  to  an  altitude  of  5,000  feet- 

A.  (Chrysodium)  AURE?UM,  L.  (p.  423). 

Very  abundant  in  swamps  about  Galle  and  Columbo. 
Widely  distributed  throughout  the  tropics. 

A.  (Elaphoglossum)  CONFORMS,  tiw.  (p.  401). 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  above  an  altr 
tude  of  4,000  feet,  on  rocks  and  trees.  Widely  distributed,  and 
has  a  long  list  of  synonyms. 


A.  (Chrysodium)  LANCEOLATUM,  7/ofe&.;(p.  420). 

At  Ramboclde  and  below  Pittawella,  on  rocks,  in  river-beds,    ; 

A.  (Gymnopteris)  QUERCIFOLIUM,  Retz.  (p.  418.) 
Commoii  in  the  Western  Province,  about  Columbo,  on  road- 
side banks.  n    0 

A.  (Steriochlsena)  SCANDENS,  /.  8m.  (p.  412). 

Very  common,  climbing  on  trees,  in  the  Western,  Central 
and  Southern  Provinces,  up  to  an  altitude  of  2.500  feet;  fruits 
from  August  to  October. 


8  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

ACROSTICHUM  (Elaphoglossum)  SPATHULA^DM,  Dory.  (p.  408). 
— A.  pilose] loides,  P.-etl.\  A.  acutum,  Fee. 

On  rocks,  in  the  forests  about  Newera  Ellia,  and  in  the 
Southern  Province,  at  a  lower  elevation. 

A.  (Hymenolepis)  SPICATUM,  L.  (p.  424). 

In  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  altitude  of  from 
2,000  to  4,000  feet;  on  trees.  Not  uncommon. 

A.  (Elaphoglossum)  SQUAMOSUM,  Sw.  (p.  411). 
Above  Rambodde,  at  at  altitude  of  about  5,000 feet;  on  trees. 
Fruits  from  August  to  November. 

A.  (Gymnopteris)  VARIAEELE,  Hook.  (p.  417). 

The  simple  fronrled  form  is  common  on  rocks  and  banks  in 
the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  altitude  of  from  3,000  to 
6,000  feet.  The  pinnate  form,  in  the  forests  about  Matale,  at  an 
altitude  of  3,000  feet;  abundant  during  southwest  monsoon. 

A.  (Gymnopteris)  VIRENS,  Wall.  (p.  420). 
In  the  ground,  iu  Oodawella  forests. 

A.  (Chiysodium)  WALLII,  Baker,  (p.  523). 
In  a  rocky  ravine,  on  mossy  stones,  at   Mooroowa,  Southern 
Pjovince.    Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 


ACTINIOPTERIS. 

A.  RADTATA,  Link.  (p.  246). — A.  austral  is,  Link.-,  Acrostichum 
dichotomum,  Forsk. 

At  Trincomalee  and  Gonogamma,  near  Kandy.  The  only 
species  of  the  genus. 

ADIANTUM. 

A.  CAP1LLDS-VENEKIS,  L.  Cp.  120). 

On  wet  rocks,  about  Hackgalla. 

A.  CAUDATUM,  Unn.  (p.  115). — A.  Edgeworthi,  Hk. ;  A.  rhiz- 
ophorum,  Sw. 

Abundant  in  the  Central,  Western  and  Southern  Provinces, 
up  to  an  altitude  of  2,000  feet ;  on  rook,  walls  and  dry  banks. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  9 

ADIANTUM  FLABELLULATDM,  L.  (p.  126). — A.  amceuum,  Hk. 
and  Gr. 

Found  in  Ouvah  District. — Thwaites. 


A.  HTSPIDULUM,  SlCtZ.  (p.  126). 

Common  in  she  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  up  to  an 
altitude  of  4,000  feet.  Terraneous,  and  on  rocks. 

A,  LDNULATUM,  Burm.  (p.  114). — A.  deflectens,  Mart.;  A' 
dolabri forme,  Hk. ;  A.  filiforme,  Gard. 

Common  on  old  walls  about  Kandy  and  Central  Province; 
very  abundant  on  eastern  ranges,  down  to  Biuteune. 


ALLANTODIA. 

A.  BRUNONIANA,  Wall.  (p.  246). 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at'an  altitude 
of  from  2.000  to  4,000  feet ;  terraneous.    The  only  species  of  the 


ALSOPHILA. 

A.  CRINITA,  Hook.  (p.  42). 

Large  tree  fern,  from  ten  to  twenty  eet  high.  Abundant  in 
the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  altitude  of  from  4,500 
to  6,000  feet. 

A.  GLADE  A,  Hk.  (p.  43). — A.  gigantea,  Hk.. 

Large  fronded  tree  fern,  of  low  stature.  In  forests  of  the 
Central  Province,  at  an  altitude  of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feet.  Not 
common. 


ANGIOPTERIS. 

A.  EVECTA,  Hoffm.  (p.  440). 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  an  an  altitude 
of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feet.  Terraneous.  The  only  known  species 
of  the  genus. 


10  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

ANTROPHYUM. 

A.  PLANT  AGINEUM,  Kaulf.  (p.  393). — A.  Lesson  i,  Bory;  Hem- 
ionitis  plantigineum,  Cav. 

Common  on  rocks,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province, 
above  an  altitude  of  2,000  feet. 

A.  RETICULATUM,  Kaulf.  (p.  393). — Hemioniles  reticulata, 
Forst. 

Common  in  the  Southern  Province,  at  low  altitudes,  above 
2,000  feet. 


ASPIDIUM. 

A.  (Polystichum)  aculeatum,  Sw.  (p.  252). — A.  Biaristatum,  Bl. 
Common  iu  the  forests   of  the   Central   Province,  above   an 
altitude  of  5,000  feet.    Found  nearly  all  over  the  world. 

A.   (Polystichum)  AMACILE,  Bourne,  (p.  254). 
Not  uncommon  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province;  at  an 
altitude  of  from  5,000  to  6,000  feet.    Terraneous. 

A.  (Polystichum)  ANOMALUM,  Hk.  and  Arn.  (p.  253). 
Horton  Plains  and  Happootella,  at  an  altitude  of  from  5,000 
to  6,000  feet.     Deciduous.    Peculiar  to  Ceylon  (?). 

A.  (Polystichum)  AETSTATUM,  Sw.  (p.  255). 
Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  altitude 
of  from  1,500  to  6,000  feet.     Terraneous. 

A.  (Polystichum)  AUIUCULATUM,  Sw.  (p.  251). — A.  ocellatum, 
Wall. 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  altitude 
of  about  5,OC3  feet.  Terraneous. 

A.  (Polystichum)  CONIIFOLTOM,  Watt.  (p.  255)— A.  aris- 
tatum,  var. 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  altitude 
of  from  4,000  to  6,000  feet. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  11 


ASPIDIUM  ERIOCARPUM,  Dec.  (p.  280). — Nephrodium  odor- 
atum,  Bkr. 

A.  MEMBRANACEUM,  Hk.  (p.  259). — A.  giganteum,  var. 
minor,  Hook. ;  A.  divexum,  Kze. 

Common  in  the  Matale  District,  at  about  an  altitude  of  from 
1,000  to  1,500  feet.  Terraneous. 


ASPLENIUM. 

A.  AFFINE,  Sw.  (p.  215). — A.  spathulinum,  J.  Sm. 
Common. 

A.  (Atliyrium)  ASPIDIOTDES,  Schl.  (p.  228) — A.  pectinatum, 
Wall.;  A.  multisectum,  Brack.;  A.  laxum,  P.  and  R. 

About  Newera  Ellia,  in  forests,  up  to  an  altitude  of  7,000 
feet.  Terraneous.  In  boggy  places,  at  high  elevations. — Thwaites- 

A.  (Diplazium)  ASSI"MILE,  EndL  (p.  489;  229) — A.  umbfosum, 
J ' .  Sm.,  var, 

In  the  forests  about  Pittawella,  Matale,  at  an  altitude  of  about 
2'000  feet.  Terraneous. 

A.  CAUDATUM,  Forst.  (p.  209) — A.  falcatum,  Lam.  (?). 
Newera  Ellia,  and  higher  forests  of  the  Central  Province. 

A.  ENSEFORME,  Wall  (p.  191)— A.  stenophyilum,  Bed.  (?). 
About  Newera  Ellia,  and  Wattakelly  Hill,  above  an  altitude 
of  5,000  feet;  on  rocks  and  trees. 

A.  ERECTDM,  Bory.  (p.  202) — A.  lunulatum,  Sw. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  higher  forests  of  the  Central  Province. 

A.  (Anisogonum)  ESCULENTUM,  Presl.  (p.  244). 

Common  in  the  Western  and  Central  Provinces,  up  to  an 
altitude  of  3,000  feel.  Terraneous.  Very  common  in  the  low 
country,  by  riversides,  and  in  cultivated  ground. — Thwaites. 


12  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

ASPLEXIUM  FALCATUM,  Lam.  (p.  208). 

Common,  on  rocks,  in  the  Western  and  Central  Provinces,  at 
low  altitudes;  also  at  Pattawella  Rock,  near  Columbo. 

A.  FORMCSTJM,  Willd.  (p.  210). 

Not  common.  Found  on  rocks  in  river  bed,  Dooroomadella, 
East  Matale. 

A.  BCRCATDM,  Thunb.  (p.  214). 

Common  about  Newera  Ellia  and  Hackgalla.  Common  in 
the  hills. — Thwaites. 

A.  GARDNER!,  Baker  (p.  485). 

Southern  Province,  on  rocks,  in  the  forests,  above  an  altitude    - 
of  1,500  feet. 

A.  HETEOCARPUM,  Wall.  (p.  210). 

Common,  on  rocks,  in  the  Central  Province,  in  the  forests, 
above  an  altitude  of  3,000  feet. 

A.  HOHENACKERIAXUM,  Kze.  (p.  225.1. 

Resembles  small  form  of  Pelix-foemina.  At  Pittawella;  also 
in  Peninsular  India. 

A.  (Diplazium)  LANCEUM,  Thunb.  (p.  229)— A.  subsinuatum, 
Hk.  and  G. 

Forests  of  East  Matale,  and  Suffragam,  at  an  altitude  of  from 
2,000  to  3,000  feet.  Terraneous.  Dies  ofi  during  the  northeast 
monsoon. 

A.  (Diplazium)  LATIFOLFDM,  Don.  (p.  239)— A.  dilatatum,  Hk. 
Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  altitude 
of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feet.    Terraneous. 

A.  LASERPITIIFOLIUM,  Lam.  (p.  215). 
Common. 

A.  (Athyrium)  MACROCARPUM,  Bl.  (p.  227)— A.  goringianum, 
Mett. 

Not  uncommon  about  Newera  Ellia.    Terraneous. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  13 

ASPLENIUM  (Diplazium)  MAXIMUM,  Don.  (p.  239) — A.  diversi- 
folium,  Watt. 

Local,  but  abundant  in  some  of  the  forests. — Thwaites.  At 
an  altitude  of  from  2,000  to  4,000  feet.  Terraneous.. 

A.  (Thamnopteris)  NIDUS,  L.  (p.  190). 

"The  Birds-nest  Fern."  Common  on  trunks  of  trees,  up  to  an 
altitude  of  2,000  feet. 

A.  (Athyrium)  NIGRIPES,  Blume  (p.  227) — A.  gymnogram- 
moides,  KL 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  above  an 
altitude  of  5,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

A.  NITIDUM,  Sw.  (p.  215). 
Common. 

A.  NORMALE,  Don.  (p.  197) — A.  multijugum,  Wall. 
Common  at  altitudes  above  4,000  feet.     Terraneous. 

A.  PLANICAULE,  Wall.  (p.  211). 

Not  common.  Wattakelly  Hill,  Victoria  Forest s,  above  an 
altitude  of  3,000  feet,  on  rocks  and  trees. 

A.  (Diplazium)  POL  YPODIOIDES,  Mett.  (238). 
Common  in  the  forests  of  the   Central   Province,  above   an 
altitude  of  3,000  feet.    Terraneous. 

A.  POLYRHIZON,  Baker  (p.  490) — Diplazium  decussatum,  Bedd. 
Formerly  referred  to  A.  Japonicum,  Thun. 

A.  RESECTUM,  Sm.  (p.  210) . 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  above  an 
altitude  of  2,000  feet;  generally  on  rocks  and  rocky  banks.  The 
large  form,  in  wet,  swampy  places. 

A.  (Darsea)  RUT.EFOLIUM,  Kze.  (p.  222)— A.  prolongatum,  Hk.\ 
A.  stans,  Kze. 

ISinghe  Raja  forest. 


14  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

ASPLENIUM  (Diplazium)  SCHKUHRII,  Thw. 

Formerly  included  nnder  Japonicum.     Woods  of  the  Central 
Province.     Not  common  .-^Thwaites.     Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 
• 

A.  (Anisog.)  SMITHIANUM,  Baker  (p.  245). 

In  the  forests  of  Oodawella  and  East  Matale,  at  an  altitude 
of  3,000  feet.  Terraneous.  4>Only  found  in  Ceylon,  and  is  rare 
there.  It  is  only  distinguished  from  A.  latifolium  by  its  vena- 
tion."— Thwaites. 

A.  (Diplazium)  SYLVATICUM,  Presl.  (p.  232). 

In  damp  forests,  at  no  great  elevation. — Thwaites.  Terraneous. 

A  TENERUM,  Forst.  (p.  201) — A.  elongatum,  Sw. 
East  Matale,  Oodawella;  on  rocks.     Not  common. 

A.  TENUIFOLIDM,  Don.  (p.  220)— A.  coucinnum,  Wall. 
On  rocks,  in    the  beds  of  streams,  at   Newera   Ellia.     Rare. 
Dies  off  during  the  southwest  monsoon. 

A.  (Diplazium)  THWAITESII,  A.  Br.  (p.  235). 
In  the   forests  about   Newera  Ellia.    Terraneous.    "Woods, 
2,000  feet  and  upwards."— Thwaites. 

A.  VARIANS,  Hk.  and  Or.  (p.  216). 

Abundant  under  rocks  and  large  stones,  Mattoorattoo,  Amba- 
wella,  Rambodde,  at  an  altitude  of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feet. 


A.  VULCANICUM,  Bl.  (p.  201)— A.  heterodon, 
Forests  of  the  Central   Province,  above  an  altitude  of  2,000 
feet.     Not  common. 

A.  WIGHTIANUM,  Wall  (p.  199)— A.  longipes,  Fee. 
Forests  of  the  Central  Province,  above  an   altitude  of  2,000 
feet.    Not  common. 

A.  ZENKERIANUM,  Kze.  (p.  484). 

Common,  on  rocks,  about  Newera  Ellia,  and  in  the  forests, 
above  an  altitude  of  5,000  feet.  In  former  catalogues,  A.  persici- 
folium,  /.  Sm. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  15 


ASPLENIUM  (Diplazium)  ZEYLANICUM,  Hk.  (p. 
Forests  of  Ambagamowa  and  Kotmallee.    "Rare;  local. 
Dever  found  it  myself." — Thwaites. 


BLECHNUM. 

B.  ORIENT  ALE,  Linn.  (p.  186). 

Extremely  abundant  in  the  Western  and  Central  Provinces, 
up  to  an  altitude  of  6,000  feet.     Terraneous. 


BOTRYCHIUM. 

B.  DAUCIFOLIUM,  Wall.  (p.  448). 

Not  uncommon  on  the  borders  of  streams,  in  the  forests  of 
the  Central  Province,  at  an  altitude  of  from  2,500  to  4,000  feet. 
Terraneous.  Dies  off  during  a  part  of  the  year. 

B.  VIRGINIANUM,  8w.  (p.  448). 

Common,  under  bushes,  on  the  plain  of  Newera  Ellia.  Dies 
off  in  January ;  comes  up  again  in  June. 


CERATOPTERIS. 

C.  THALICTROIDES,  Brong.  (p.  174). 

Common  in  the  Western  and  Southern  Provinces,  in  wet, 
swampy  places.  This  is  the  only  species  of  a  curious  genus;  it 
is  an  annual,  and  floats  upon  the  surface  of  the  water. 


CHEILANTHES. 

C.  FARINOSA,  Klf.  (p.  142) — Aleuritopreris  farinosa,  dealbata 
and  Mexicaria,  Fee. 

Silver  Fern.  On  rocks  of  the  highest  forests  of  the  Central 
Province.  Common  on  the  hills. — Thwaites. 

C.  MYSUREKSIS,  Wall.  (p.  135) — C.  chusana,  Hk. 
On    rocks    and   banks,   Rattotta,   Matale,   Happootella   and 
Ouvah,  at  low  elevations.  "Rocky  places;  very  local." — Thwaites. 

C.  TENUIFOLIA,  Sw.  (p.  138). 

On  rocks  and  banks,  Western  Province. 


16  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

CHEILANTHES  THWAITESII,  Kulin.,Hett.\  (p.  475). 
Kuruuagalla  and  Kallupahane. 


CYATHEA. 

C.  HOOKERI,  Thwaites  (p.  16). 

Small  tree  fern,  from  five  to  seven  feet  high.  Forests  of  the 
Southern  Province.  Of  this  peculiar  species,  Dr.  Thwaites  says: 
"Low  country  forests,  very  rare,  and  scarcely  ever  found  in  fruit. 
I  only  found  it  once,  a  single  tree  with  barren  fronds  only." 

C.  SINUATA,  Hk.  and  Gr.  (p.  16). 

Small  tree  fern,  from  three  to  five  feet  high.  Forests  of  the 
Southern  Province.  Rare.  Peculiar  to  Ceylon.  An  elegant 
and  graceful  plant,  with  simple  fronds. 


DAVALLIA. 

D.  (Leucostegia)  AFFINIS,  Hook.  (p.  92) — D.  hymenophyt- 
loides,  HI. 

On  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern 
Provinces.  Common  at  an  elevation  of  from  8,000  to  4,000  feet. 
Common  in  mountain  forests. — Thwaites, 

D.  BDLLATA,  Wall.  (p.  97). 

On  trees,  at  Dooroomadella  and  Matale  West,  at  an  elevation 
of  from  2,000  to  3,000  feet. 

D.  CH^ROPHYLLA,  Wall  (p.  92)— D.  pulchra,  Don. 
Rocky  forests ;  rare  and  local. — Thwaites.    At  an    elevation 
of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feel ;  on  rocks. 

D.  (Prosaptia)  CONTTGUA,  Sw.  (p.  94) — D.  Preslii,  Hook. 
Common  on  rocks  and  trees,  in   the  forests   of  the   Central 
Province,  above  an  altitude  of  5,000  feet. 

D.  ELEGANS,  Sw.  (p.  95) — D.  vogelii,  Hk.',  D.elata,  Sw. 
On  rocks,  at  Vicarton  and  East  Matale,  at  an   altitdude  of 
from  2,000  to  3,000  feet. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  17 

DAVALLIA  (Prosapta)  EMERSONI,  Hk.  and  Gr.  (p.  94) — D. 
alata,  Bl. 

On  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Southern  Province, 
at  an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  4,000  feet. 

D.  (Microlepia)  HIRTA,  Klf.  (p.  100)— M.  firma  and  M.  scab- 
erula,  Mett. 

In  forests  of  Oodapusselawa  and  Tel  gam  ma,  at  an  elevatioij 
of  4,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

D.  (Microlepia)  MAJUSCULA,  Lowe  (p.  99) — D.  proxima,  Thw. ; 
D.  Tliwaitesii,  Baker, 

Rangbodde.  Rare.  Probably  dies  off  during  part  of  the 
year. 

D.  (Humata)  PEDATA,  J.  8m.  (p.  89). 

Common  on  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and 
Southern  Provinces,  above  an  elevation  of  1,500  feet. 

D.  (Microlepia)  PLATYPHYKLA,  Don.  (p.  99) — D.  lonchitidea, 
Wall 

Eight  to  twelve  feet  high.  Rangbodde,  in  the  forest,  at  an 
altitude  of  3,500  feet.  Terraneous;  rare;  dies  off  during  a  part 
of  the  year. 

D.  (Odontoloma)  REPENS,  Desv. — D.  hemiptera,  Bory. 
Singe  Raja  forest. — Thwaites. 

D.  SCHIZOPIIYLLA,  Baker,  (p.  468). 

On  Abbe  Rocks,  Mooroowa  Carle,  at  an  elevation  of  5,000 
feet. 

D.  (Microlepia)  SPELUNC^A,  Bkr.  (p.  100)— D.  polypodioides, 
Hk. ;  D.  Jamaicensis,  Hk.;  D.  trichosticha,  Hk.',  D.  Madagascar- 
iensis.  Kze. 

Common  below  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet,  on  shady  banks,  in 
the  Central,  Western  and  Southern  Provinces.  In  hedges,  at 
Kalani. 


18  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

DAVALLIA  (Microlepia)  STRIGOSA,£U>.  (p.  98) — D.proxima,  BL 
Common  in  the  hilly  forests  of  the   Central   Province,  at  an 
elevation  of  from  2,000  to  4,000  feet.    Terraneous. 

D.  (Stenoloma)  TENUIFOLIA,  Sw.  (p.  102). 

Roadsides  and  open  places  in  the  hills;  common. — Thwaites. 
Abundant  on  moist  banks,  in  the  Central  Province,  above  3,000 
feet. 

D.  (Humata)  VESTITA,  Bl  (p.  90)— D.  bipinnatifida,  BL 
Ambawella  forest,  below  Hackgalla,  at  an  elevation  of  about 
5,000  feet,  on  trees. 


DIACALPE. 

D.  ASPIDIOLDES,  Blume.  (p.  45). 

Abundant  at  Kooroonda  Oya,  Matturatto.    Terraneous;  dies 
off  during  the  northeast  monsoon.   The  only  species  of  the  genus. 


DICKSONIA. 

D.  so  ABBA,  Wall.  (p.  54)— D.  deltoidea,  Hk. 
Abundant  in  the   Central  Province,  above  an   elevation   of 
5,000  feet. 

DOODIA. 

D.  DIVES,  Kze.  (p.  189). 

Not  uncommon  about  Hackgalla  and  in    the  forests   of  the 
Central  Province,  above  an  elevation  of  4,000  feet.    Terraneous. 


DRYMOGLOSSUM. 

D.  PILOSELLOIDES,  Presl  (p.  398). 

Very  common,  on  trees,  about  Columbo,  and  all  over  the  Western 
and  Central  Provinces,  below  an  elevation  of  2,000  feet. 


GLEICHENIA. 

G.  (Mertensia)  DICHOTOMA,  Wittd.  (p.  15). 

This  widely  distributed  species  has  a  long  list  of  synonyms. 
Extremely  abundant  at  all  elevations.  Scrambles  over  small 
shrubs  in  the  open  country. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  19 

GYMNOGRAMME. 

G.  (Selliguea)  INVOLUTA,  Don.  (p.  387)— Selliguea  Wallich- 
iana,  Hk. 

On  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  about  Newera  Ellia. 
Common . 

G.  JAVANICA,  Blume.  (p.  381). 

In  the  forests  about  Newera  Ellia  and  Mattoorattoo. 
Terraneous. 

G.  (Selliguea)  LANCEOLATA,  Hook.  (p.  387). 
On  Pedrotallagalla,  on  trees,  half  way  up  the  peak.    Very 
rare. 

G.  LEPTOPHYLLA.  Desv.  (p.  383). 

An  annual.  Found  on  rocks,  above  Hackgall a  Gardens.  Rare. 

G.  (Leptogramme)  TOTTA,  Schl.  (p.  376) — G.  Lowei,  Hk.  and  Gr. 
In  the  forests  about  Newera  Ellia.    Terraneous. 


HELMINTHOSTACHYS. 

H.  ZEILANICA,  Hk.  (p.  447). 

In  the  hedge  banks  about  Colombo,  and  other  parts  of  the 
Western  and  Southern  Provinces. 


HEMIONITIS. 

H.  COBDATA,  Presl.  (p.  398). 

Common,  on  rocks  and  banks,  in   the  Western    and   Central 
Provinces,  at  all  elevations  up  to  3,000  feet. 


HEMITELIA. 

H.  WA.LKEB/E,  Hk.  (p.  30)— Cyathea  Walker*,  Hk. 

Large  tree-fern,  ten  to  twelve  feet  high.  Abundant  in  the 
forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  elevation  of  from  3,000  to 
6,000  feet.  Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 


20  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

HYMENOPHYLLUM. 

H.  EMEKSUM,  Baker  (p.  57). — H.  tenellum,  Kuhn. 
On  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Southern  Province,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  from  2,000  to  4,000  feet. 

H.  EXSERTUM,  Wall.  (p.  59) — H.  macroglossum,  V.  D  B. 
Common,  on  wet  rocks,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province. 

H.  JAVANICUM,  Spretig.  (p.  60). 

Has  several  synonyms.  Abundant,  on  rocks  and  trees,  in  the 
forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern  Provinces,  above  2,500  feet. 

H.  NEESII,  Hooker  (p.  71). 

Common,  on  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and 
Southern  Provinces,  above  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet. 

H.  POLYANTHOS,  Sw.  (p.  60). — H.  protrusum,  Hk. 

Typical  form  rare.  On  trees  and  rocks,  in  the  forests. 
Variety  Blumeanum  is  common  in  the  forests  of  the  Southern 
Province,  on  wet  rocks.  Dies  off  during  northeast  monsoon. 


LINDSAYA. 

L.  CULTRATA,  Sw.  (p.  105). — L.  Lobbiana,  Hk. 

Common,  on  rocks  and  moist  banks,  about  Newera  Ellia, 
and  at  high  elevations  in  forests  of  the  Central  Province. 
Deliciously  fragrant  when  drying. 

L.  FLABELLULATA,  Dry.  (p.  107) — L.  tenera,  Dry. ;  Adiantuni 
orbiculatum,  Lam. 

In  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern  Provinces.  Ter- 
raneous; not  uncommon. 

L.  (Schizoloma)  HETEROPHYLLA,  Dry.  (p.  112) — L.  cuneata, 
Willd. 

Hantane  Peak,  Kegalla.  Terraneous.  Dies  off  during  the 
northeast  monsoon. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  21 

LINDSAYA  (Schizoloma)  LANCEOLATA,  Lab.  (p;112) — L.  ensi- 
folia,  Swtz. \  L.  agatii,  Brack.;  L.  Griffithianum,  Rk.-L.  penta- 
phyllum,  Hk. 

At  low  elevations,  in  the  Central  and  Southern  Provinces. 
Common ;  terraneous. 

L.  (Synaphlebium)  LOBATA,  Poir.  (p.  Ill) — L.  recurvata, 
Wall. ;  L.  propinqua,  and  obtusa,  Hook.;  L.  nitens,  Bl. 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  above  an 
elevation  of  2,000  feet.  Terraneous  Damp  gullies  in  the  hills. — 
Thvvaites. 

L.  TRAPEZIFORMIS,  Dry.  (p.  107). 

Has  a  number  of  synonyms.  Common  in  the  woods. — 
Thwaites.  Very  abundant  in  some  forests  of  the  Southern  Prov- 
ince; also  on  the  Peacock.  Terraneous. 

L.  (Isoloma)  Walker*.  Ilk.  (p.  109). 

In  swamps  in  the  Hinidoon  Corle;  also  on  the  Island  of 
Banca,  east  of  Sumatra. 


LOMARIA. 

L.  PATERSONI,  Spr.  (p.  174) — L.  elongsita,  Bl,  L.  Colensoi,  Hk. 
Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province.    Terraneous. 


LYGODIUM. 

L.  DICHOTOMUM,  Sw.  (p.  437) — L.  circinatumand  pedatum,  Sw. 

Not  uncommon.  Climbing  on  trees,  in  the  forests  and  chevas 
of  the  Western,  Central  and  Southern  Provinces,  up  to  an  eleva- 
tion of  2,000  feet. 

L.  JAPONICUM,  /Sw.  (p.  439). 

"A  Catalogue  of  the  Ferns  Indigenous  to  Ceylon"  places  this 
as  a  synonym  of  L.  pinnatifidum. 

L.  FINN. \TIFIDUM,  Sic.  (p.  438) — L.  flexuosum,  Sw. 
Common   about   Colombo,  scrambling  over   hedges  and   low 
shrubs. 


22  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

LYGODIUM  SCAJSTDENS,  Sw.  (p.  437). 

Very  common  in  all  *he  low   country,  scrambling  over  low 
shrubs. 


MARATTIA. 

M.  FRAXINEA,  8m.  (p.  440)— M.  sorbifolia,  Bory.\  M.  elegans, 
Endl 

Not  uncommon  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  above 
an  elevation  of  5,000  feet,  in  the  beds  of  streams. 


MENISCIUM. 

M.  THWAITESII,  Hk.  (p.  391). 

Forests  of  Mat-ale,  at  an  elevation  of  about   3,000  feet.    Ter- 
raneous.    Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

M.  TRIPHYLLUM,  &W.  (p.  391). 

Forests  of  Matale  and   Suifragam,  at  an  elevation   of  from 
2,000  10  3,000  feet.    Terraneous. 


MONOGRAMME. 

M.  JUNGHUHNII,  Hk.  (p.  375)— Diclidopteris  angustissima, 
Brack. ;  Pleurogramme  paradoxa,  Fee. 

On  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern 
Provinces,  at  an  elevation  of  about  3,000  feet. 


NEPHRODIUM. 

N.  AMBOINENSE,  Presl.  (p.  292). 

Small  form,  at  Kitool  Galla,  Ambagamoa;  large  form,  Amba- 
wella  and  Oodapusselawa,  at  an  elevation  of  about  5,000  feet. 
Terraneous. 

N.  ARBUSCULA,  Desv.  (p.  292)— A.  Hookeri,  Wall. 
Common  in  hill  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feet.    Terraneous. 

L.  (Lastrea)  BEDDOMEI,  Baker  (p.  267)— Aspidium  graciles- 
cens,  Thwaites. 

Very  common,  in  swampy  places,  about  Newera  Ellia. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 


NEPHRODIUM  (Lastrea)  BORYANUM,  Baker  (p.  284) — N.  divi- 
sum,  Hk. 

Forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an  elevation  of  from  4,000 
to  5,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  CALCARATUM,  Hk.  (p.  264) — N.  falcilobum,ZT&. 
Very  common,  at  all  elevations  up  to  6,000  feet,  iu  the  Cen- 
tral, Southern  and  Western  Provinces.     Terraneous. 

N.  (Sagenia)  CICUTARIUM,  Baker  (p.  299)— Aspidium  lati- 
folium,  Presl. ;  A.  dilaceratum,  Kze. 

Forests  about  Rambodde.  Dies  off  during  northeast  mon- 
soon. Terraneous. 

F.  CUCULLATUM,  Baker  (p.  290)— N.  unitum,£^&.;  N.  canes- 
cens,  Presl. 

Very  common,  on  banks,  roadsides  and  cultivated  grounds, 
in  the  Central  Province  and  Ouvah,  up.  to  an  elevation  of  5,000  feet. 

N.  (Sagenia)  DECURRENS,  Baker  (p.  299) — Aspidium  pteropus, 
Kze. 

Damp  places.  A  low-country  fern,  and  up  to  about  2,000 
feet. — Thwaites.  Terraneous.  Dies  off  during  the  northeast 
monsoon.  Var.  minor — var.  Thwaiiesii,  of  Kew  Gardens,  at 
Peradeuiya  Garden,  is  peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

A.  (Lastrea)  DEPARIOIDES,  Hk.  (p.  277). 

Low  country  forests;  not  common. — Thwaites.  Up  to  an 
elevation  of  1,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  DISSECTUM,  Desv.  (p.  282)— N.  membranifolium, 
Presl. 

Hill  forests.  This  plant  is  only  distinguished  foom  N". 
(Pleocnemia)  giganteum  by  its  venation. — Thwaites.  Not  un- 
common in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern  Provinces,  at 
an  elevation  of  from  4.000  to  5,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

N.  EXTENSUM,  Hook.  (p.  289)— Aspidium  eonioneuron,  Mett. 
Forests   Central  Province;  not  common. — Thwaites.      Ter- 
raneous. 


24  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

NEPHRODIUM  (Lastrea)  FELIX-MAS,  Etch.  (p.  272). 
Forests  about  Newera  Ellia.    Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  FLACCIDUAT,  Hook.  (p.  274). 

Wattakelly  Hill  and  forests  about  Newera  Ellia.  Terraneous. 

N.  (Pleocnemia)  GIGANTECM,  R<tker  (p.  503). 
Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central   and   Southern    Prov- 
inces, at  an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  4,000  feet.    Terraneous. 

A.  H^ENXEANUM,  Presl.  (p.  290)— Aspidium  multilineatum, 
Met*. 

N.  HIRTIPES,  Hook.  (p.  261)— Aspidium  atratum,  Wall. 
Common    in    the    forests   of   the   Central   Province,   at    an 
elevation  of  about  3,000  feet.    Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  INTERMEDIUM,  Baker  (p.  283)— N.  Blumei,  Hk. 
Forests  of  East  Matale,  at  from  2,000  to  3,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

N.  MOLLE,  Desv.  (p.  293). 

Very  common  in  the  Western,  Southern  and  Central  Prov- 
inces, up  to  an  elevation  of  6,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  OBTUSILOBUM,  Baker,  (p.  284). 
Mountain    forests,  at  an  elevation  of  about  6,000  feet.     Pe- 
culiar to  Ceylon.— Thwaites.    Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  ODORATUM,  Baker  (p.  280)— IS",  hirsutum,  Don.; 
N.  eriocarpum,  Dec. 

On  rocks,  on  The  eastern  ranges  of  the  Central  Province. 

N.  OTARIA,  Baker  (p.  283)— N.  aristatum,  Hk.\  Gonogam- 
ma,  Thw. 

Pittawella  villages.    Dies  off  during  part  of  the  year. 

N.  PENNIGERUM,  Hook.  (p.  282)— N.  articulatum,  Moore; 
Aspidium  megaphyllum,  Mett. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an 
elevation  of  from  2,000  to  4,000  feet.  Terraneous. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  05 

NEPHRODIUM  POLYMOKPHUM,  Baker  (p.  297)— Aspidium 
grand i folium,  Men. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern 
Provinces,  at  an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  5,000  feet,  among  rocks. 

N.  (Lastrea)  PROLIXUM,  Baker  (p.  268)— !N.  ochthades,  Hk. ; 
N".  appendiculatum,  Hk. 

Common  in  the  higher  forests  of  the  Central  Province.  Ter- 
raneous. 

N.  PTEROIDES,  J.  Sm.  (p.  289)— N".  terminals,  Hook. 
Common  in  the  low  country.— Thwaites.     In   the  forests  of 
the  Central  Province,  below  an  elevation. of  3,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  RECEDENS,  Hk.  (p.  281). 

Central  Province;  common  in  the  woods. — Thwaites.  At 
an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  5,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  SETIGERUM,  Baker  (p.  284)— N.  tenericaule,  Hk.; 
Aspidium  uliginosum,  Kze. 

Common  in  the  Central  Province,  in  shady  places,  at  an 
elevation  of  from  1,500  to  3,000  feet.  Terraneous.  " 

N.  (Sagenia)  SIMULANS,  Baker  (p.  300)— Sagenia  Thwaitesii 
Bedd. 

Forests  about  Galle,  Southern  Province.  Terraneous.  Peculiar 
to  Ceylon. 

N.  (Lastrea)  SPARSUM,  Don.  (p.  276  and  498)— N.  purpuras- 
cens,  Hk. 

Abundant  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern  Prov- 
inces, above  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet. 

"K  SPARSUM,  var.  obtusissima,  Hk. 

The  commonest  form  in  the  higher  forests."— Thwaites. 

N.  (Sagenia)  SUBTRIPHYLLUM,  Baker. 

Forests  of  the  Central  Province;  not  common.— Thwaites. 
At  low  elevations  about  Kurunugalla  and  Rattotta.  Terraneous. 


26  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

NEPHRODIUM  (Lastrea)  SYRMATICUM,  Baker  (p.  272)— N.spec- 
tabile,  Ilk. 

Dr.  Thwaites  says  of  this  species:  "I  only  found  this  once, 
in  a  forest  near  Kandy,  which  has  since  been  felled;  but  prob- 
ably it  is  to  be  found  elsewhere."  Forests  of  Oodawella.  Ter- 
raneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  THWAITESII,  Baker  (p.  277)— Aspidinm  concin- 
uum,  Thwaites. 

In  the  forests  of  the  Southern  Province,  at  an  elevation  of 
about  2,000  feet.  Terraneous.  Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

N.  TRUNCATUM,  Presl  (p.  294)—^.  abruptum,  Presl',  N. 
Hudsonianum,  Brack.;  N.  eusorum,  Thwaites. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an 
•elevation  of  from  2,000  to  5,000  feet.  Terraneous. 

N.  (Lastrea)  UNDULATUM,  Baker  (p.  276). 
Found  in  but  one  locality,  on    the  upper  part  of  Wattakelly 
Hill.    Terraneous.     Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

N.  UNITUM,  R.  Br.  (p.  289). 

Western    and    Southern    Provinces,  in    moist   and    marshy 

places. 

N.  (Lastrea)  WALKERS,  Hook.  (p.  493). 

In  the  forests  of  the  Southern  Province  and  of  Saffragain,  up 
to  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet.  Terraneous.  Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

NEPHROLEPIS. 

N.  ACDTA,  Presl  (p.  301)— N.  punctulata,  ensifolia  and  splen- 
dens,  Presl  \  N.  biserrata,  Schott. 

Not  so  common  as  N.  exaltata;  grows  at  lower  elevations. 

N.  CORDIFOLIA,  Baker  (p.  300)— N.  tuberosa,  Hk. 

Extremely  common,  on  rocks,  at  all  elevations  up  to  5,000  feet. 

N.  EXALTATA,  tichott.  (p.  301). 

Very  common,  on  rocks  and  banks  on  the  roadsides,  in  the 
Central  and  Western  Provinces,  up  to  an  elevation  of  5,000  feet. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.   .  27 

NEPHROLEPIS  RAMOSA,  Bdk&r  (p.  301) — N.  obliterata,  Hk.; 
N.  trichomanoides,  J.  Sm. 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern  Prov- 
inces, at  an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  5,000  feet,  climbing  on  trees. 


OLEANDRA. 

A.  MUS^FOLIA,  Kze.  (p.  302). 

Not  uncommon,  on  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the 
Central  Province,  up  to  an  elevation  of  6,000  feet.  Dies  off  during 
northeast  monsoon. 


OPHIOGLOSSUM. 

O.  NUDICAULE,  L.  (p.  445)— O.  parvifolinm,  Hk.  and  Gr. 
On  patnas  about  Barnbragalla,  Matale. 

Gr.  PENDULUM,  L.  (p.  446). 

On  trees,  at  low  elevations. 

O.  VULGATUM,  L.  (p.  445). 

About  New  era  Ellia,  in  the  open  country. 


OSMUNDA. 

O.  JAVANICA,  Blume.  (p.  426)— O.  vachellii,  Ilk.;  O.  Presli- 
ana,  J.  Sm. 

Very  common,  on  rocks,  in  the  beds  of  streams,  in  the  forests 
about  Newera  Ellia. 


PELUEA. 

P.  (Allosorus)  BOIVINI,  Hk.  (p.  149). 

Summit  of  Wattakelly  Hill.  Terraneous.  Probably  dies  off 
during  part  of  the  year. 

P.  (Platyloma)  FALCATA,  Fee.  (p.  151). 
Near  Rock  Cave,  Tel  gam  ma.    Terraneous. 

P.  (Oheiloplecton)  GERAN^FOLIA,  Fee.  (p.  146) — Pteris  con- 
color,  L.  and  F. 

Very 'common,  on  rocks  and  walls,  up  to  an  elevation  of  4,000 
feet,  at  Mattoorattoo,  Ouvah  and  Ambawella. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 


POLYPODIUM. 

P.  (Niphobolus)  ADNASCENS,  Sw.  (p.  449)— P.  spissum,  Bory. 
Common,  on    rocks   aud  trees,  in   the  Western   and   Central 
Provinces,  up  to  an  elevation  of  2,000  feet. 

P.  CORNIGERUM,  Baker  (p.  503). 

One  plant  only  found   by  Dr.  Thwaites,  at  Horton    Plains. 
Peculiar  to  Ceylon . 

P.  CUCULLATUM,  Nees.  (p.  324). 

Not  uncommon,  on    rocks   aud  trees,   in    the    Central   and 
Southern  Provinces,  at  an  elevation  of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feet. 

P.  DECORUM,  Brack,  (p.  331). 
Singhe  Rajah  forest.— Thwaites. 

P.  (Phyinatodes)  DILATATUM,  Wall  (p.  365). 

Forest  above  Tel  gam  ma,  at  an  elevation  of  4,000  feet.    Rare. 

P.  (Phegopteris)  DISTANS,  Don.  (p.  308)— P.  paludosum,  Blume. 
In  marshy  places  about  Newera  Ellia. 

P.  (Niphobolus)  FISSUM,  Baker  (p.  351)— P.  porosum,  Wall. 
Common,  on  trees  and   rocks,  in   the  forests  of  the   Central 
Province,  at  an  elevation  of  from  3,000  to  5,000  feet. 

N.  (Niphobolus)  GARDNERI,  Mett.  (p.  352). 
Common,  on  rocks  and  trees,  in    the   Central    and    Soutllern 
Provinces,  up  to  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet..   Peculiar   to  Ceylon. 

H.  GLANDULOSUM,  Hook.  (p.  327). 

On  trees,  in  the  forest  near  the  summit  of   Wattakella   Hill. 
Rare;  peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

P.  HIRTELLTJM,  Bl.  (p.  320)— P.  lasiosorum,  Hook.  (?) 
Forests  of  Dickoya  and  Telgamma. 

P.  (Phymatodes)  IRIODES,  Lam.  (p.  360)— Acrosti chum  punc- 
tatum,  Linn. 

Below  Pittawella,  on  trees  and  rocks. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON.  29 

POLYPODIUM  (Phymatodes)  LANCEOJ.ATUM,  Linn.  (p.  356)— P. 
lepiclotum,  Willd. 

At  Ambawella,  on  rocks  and  stumps,  among  the  coffee  trees. 

P.  (Phymatodes)  LINEARE,  Thun.  (p.  354) — P.  loriforme,  Wall. ; 
P.  excavatum,  Bory. 

Common  in  the  forests  about  Newera  Ellia  and  Hackgalla, 
on  rocks  and  trees. 

P.  (Dryuaria)   LINN^EI,  Bory.  (p.   368) — P.  sparsisorum,  Desv. 
Western  Province,  near  Columbo. 

P.  (Phymatodes)  MEMBRA.NACEUM,  Don.  (p.  360). 

On  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at 
an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  5,000  feet.  Dies  off  during  the 
northeast  monsoon. 

P.  MEDIALE,  Baker  (p.  507). 
Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

P.  MINUTUM,  Bl.  (p.  328). 

Not  uncommon  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  above 
an  elevation  of  3,000  feet,  on  trees. 

P.  (Phymatodes)  NIGRESCENS,  Bl.  (p.  364). 
Common,  on  rocks  and   banks,  in   the  forests  of  the  Central 
Province,  at  an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  4,000  feet.     Dies  off. 

P.  OBLIQ DATUM,  Blume.  (p.  328). 

Common,  on  trees  and  rocks,  in  the  forests  about  Newera 
Ellia. 

P.  (Niphobolus)  PANNOSUM,  Mett.  (p.  512). 

Formerly  placed  under  the  name  of  Niphobolus  lingua,  Sw. 
Not  uncommon  in  the  warmer  parts  of  the  Island,  up  to  an  eleva- 
tion of  3,000  feet.— Thwaites. 

P.  (Phymatodes)  PHYMATODES,  Linn.  (p.  364). 
Common,  at  low  elevations,  in  the  Western  and  Central  Prov- 
inces, on  banks,  rocks  and  trees. 


30  FERNS  OF  CEYLON. 

POLYPODIUM  (Goniop^eris)  PROLIFEKUM,  Presl.\(p.  315). 
Minnery,  Eastern  Province.    Not  common. 

P.  (Phymatodes)  PTEROPUS,  Bl  (p.  362)— P.tridactylou,  Wall 
Mooroota,  Ambegamoa.    Grows  in  water. 

P.  (Phegopteris)  PUNCTATUM,  Thunb.  (p.  312)— P.  rugulosum, 
Labill. 

Common  about  Newera  Ellia,  in  the  forests  and  shady  places. 

Terraneous. 

P.  (Drynaria)  QUERCIFOLIUM,  Linn.  (p.  367). 
Extremely   abundant,  on    rocks   and   trees,  in   the   Western, 
Central  and  Southern  Provinces,  at  all  elevations  up  to  3,000  feet. 

P.  REPANDULUM.  Mett.  (p.  328)— P.  obliquatum,  Hook. 
ID  the  forests  about  Rambodde,  and  in  the  Mooroowa  Coole, 
on  trees.     Not  common;  peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

P.  (Phegopteris)  RTJFESCENS,  Blume.  (p.  309). 
Sot  uncommon  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  Province,  at  an 
elevation  of  from  2,000  to  5,000  feet.    Terraneous. 

P.  TIIWAITESII,  Bedd.  (p.  508). 

"   Forests  about  Dick  ova,  on  trees.     Not  common.     Peculiar  to 
Ceylon.     Smells  like  rhubarb  when  dried. 

P.  (Phymatodes)  TRIFIDUM,  Don.  (p.  363)— P.  oxylobum,  Wall. 

Common,  on  rocks  and   trees,  in    the  forests  about  Newera 

Ellia  and  Oodapusselava.      Dies  off  during  northeast  monsoon. 

P.  (Goniopteris)  UROPHYLLUM,  Wall.  (p.  314)— P.  Kennedyi, 
F.  Muell. 

Oodawella  forest;  terraneous;  uncommon.  "At  Oodawella, 
near  Kandy,  and  that  was  being  cleared  for  planting  coffee;  the 
species  is  probably  now  extinct  in  Ceylon."— Thwaites. 

P.  ZEYLA^ICUM,  Mett.  (p.  321). 

Common  in  the  forests  about  Newera  Ellia,  on  rocks  and 
trees.  Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 


FERNS  OF  CEYLON'.  31 

PTERIS. 

P.  (Psesia)  AQUILINI,  L.  (p.  162) — P.  arachnoidea,  Kaulf. 
Extremely  abundant  at  high  elevations.    Terraneous. 

P.  (Campteria)  BIAURITA,  Linn.  (p.  164). 

Common  at  all  elevations  above  1,500  feet.    Terraneous. 

P.  CRETTCA,  Linn.  (p.  154) — P.  seabripes,  Wall. 
About  Hackgalla.    Terraneous. 

P.  ENSIFOKMIS,  Burm.  (p.  155) — P.  ereuata,  Sw. 
Banks  and  roadsides;  common. — Thwaites.    Very  common, 
at  low  elevations,  in  the  Central  Province.    Terraneous. 

P.  HOOKERIANA,  Agardh.  (p.  155). 

Regarded  by  Dr.  Thwaites  as  a  variety  of  P.  cretica.  In  for- 
ests of  the  Southern  Province,  at  very  low  elevations.  Peculiar 
to  Ceylon.  Terraneous. 

P.  (Lithobrochia)  INCISA,  Thunb.  (p.  172) — P.  vespertilionis, 
Ldbill.;  P.  sinuata,  Brack. 

Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern  Prov- 
inces, above  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet. 

P.  LONGIFOLIA,  Linn.  (p.  153)). 

Badulla  Road,  below  Hackgalla.    Terraneous. 

P.  LONGIPES,  D.  Don.  (p.  161). — P.  pellucens,  Agardh. 
Glen  forest,  Matale.    Terraneous. 

P.  (Lithobrochia)  MARGINATA,  Bory.  (p.  172)— P.  tripartita  Sw. 

"Roadsides  and  waste  ground,  up  to  2,000  feet  or  so." — 
Thwaites.  Common  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern 
Provinces.  Very  common  about  Galle.  Terraneous. 

P.  (Campteria)  PATENS,  Hook.  (p.  165)— P.  decussata, ,/.  Sm. 
Oodawella,  Matale  and  Mooroowa  forests,  above  an  elevation 
of  2,000  feet.    Terraneous. 


32  FERNS  OF  'CE  YLON. 

PTERIS'QUADRIAURITA,  Retz.  (\).  158). 

Extremely  abundant  in  the  Western,  Central  and   Southern 
Provinces,  at  all  elevations  up  to  5;000  feet.     Terraneous. 


SCHIZ/EA. 

S.  (Actiuostachys)  DIGITATA,  -Sio/(p.  43). 

In  low  jungles  of  Suffragam   and   Western    Province.    Ter- 
raneous. 


T/ENITIS. 

T.  BLECHNOIDES.  S'WZ.  (p.  397). 

In  the  forests  about  Galle  and  Ratnapoora.    Terraneous. 


TRICHOMANES. 

T.  DIGITATUM,  SwtZ.  (p.  76). 

On  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Southern  Province,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  from  3,000  to  4,000  feet. 

T.  EXIGUUM,  Bqker  (p.  464). 

On  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  Telgamma;  also  in    the 
Southern  Province,  at  an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  4,000  feet. 


T.  FILICOLA,  J50?-#.  (p.  81)  —  Didymoglossum  plicatum,  V.  D.B 
Common,  on  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and 
Southern  Provinces,  above  an  elevation  of  2.000  feet. 

T.  INTRAMARGINALE,  Ilk.  and  Or.  (p.  79). 
Ambagamoa  District.  —  Thwaites.     Peculiar  to  Ceylon. 

T.  MOTLEYI,  V.  D.  B.  (p.  73)—  T.  Henzaiense,  Bedd. 
Not  uncommon,  on    trees,  in   the   forests   of  the   Southern 
Province,  at  an  elevation  of  from  2,000  to  3,000  feet. 

T.  MTTSCOIDES,  Swartz.  (p.  75). 

Common,  on  rocks,  in  the  forests  of  the  Southern  and  Central 
Provinces,  at  an  elevation  of  about  4,000  feet. 


FERNS  OF  CETLON.  33 

TRICHOMANES  PALLIDUM,  Blume.  (p.  80) — T.  glauco-fuscuin, 
Hk.\  T.  album,  Blume. 

On  trees,  in  the  forests  of  the  Southern  Province,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  from  3,000  to  4,000  feet. 

T.  PARVULUM,  Poiret  (p.  75). 

Not  uncommon,  on  rocks,  in  the  forests  of  the  Southern 
Province,  at  an  elevation  of  about  3,000  feet. 

T.  PROLIFERUM,  Blume.  (p.  76) — T.  palmat.um,  Presl. 
On  rocks  and  trees,  in  the  forests  about  Hewissa;  also  at 
Ambagamoa. — Thwaites. 

T.  PYXIDIFERUM,  L.  (p.  81). 

Top  of  Telgamma  Pass,  Kallibokka,  and  in  the  forests  of  the 
Southern  Province,  on  wet  rocks. 

T.  RIGIDUM,  Sw.  (p.86). 

Common,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central  and  Southern  Prov- 
inces, above  an  elevation  of  4,000  feet. 


VITTARIA. 

V.  ELONGATA,  Sw.  (p.   395). 

Very  common,  in  the  forests  of  the  Central   Province,  above 
an  elevation  of  3,000  feet,  on  rocks  and  trees. 

V.  (Tseniopsis)  FALCATA,  Kze.  (p.  395). 

Forests  of  Hatgodde,  Matale,  and  Elbedde  Dickoya,  on  trees. 

V.  (Tseniopsis)  LINEATA,  Sw.  (p.  396) . 

Forests  of  the  Southern  Province,  on  trees,  at  an  elevation  of 
about  2,000  feet. 

P.  (Taeniopsis)  SCOLOPENDRINA,  Thwaites  (p.  396). 
In  forests  about  Ratnapoora,  and  in  the  Southern  Province, 
on  rocks  and  trees,  up  to  an  elevation  of  about  3,000  feet. 

[FINIS.] 


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